Inadequate food diversity and food taboo associated with maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The most common cause is nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency. Adequate nutritional intake from food is essential during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between food access and intake patterns with the incidence of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in the slum settlement in Makassar City. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is a sub-study of the Indonesian Birth Cohort Study based in Makassar City. This sub-study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 173 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters using total sampling. All data were collected using a structured questionnaire and recorded using KoboToolbox software. Serum ferritin levels were examined for iron status using the ELISA method at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit at Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The statistical data were analyzed using STATA version 14 with Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City was 78%. Logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate food diversity (AOR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.69; P = 0.019) and food taboos (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.26-6.26; P = 0.011) were significantly associated with the incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Most pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City experienced iron deficiency. Pregnant women who experience iron shortages have been connected to food taboos and dietary diversity.

Effect of vaccine dose on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels in a vaccinated community in Gowa Regency, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: The administration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine aims to stimulate the production of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. This leads to an enhanced production of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), which naturally neutralize the virus within the body, thereby reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. This study determined the analysis of factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in vaccinated individuals using data from the COVID-19 Seroepidemiological Survey of Gowa Regency. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The COVID-19 Seroepidemiology Survey data as a whole were 851 individuals, and in this study, the number of samples was 804 individuals from all COVID-19 Seroepidemiology Survey samples who had performed the COVID-19 vaccine in Gowa Regency, selected through purposive sampling. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data analysis was conducted using various statistical tests, including the independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression. Furthermore, the analysis was performed through the STATA program version 14.0. RESULTS: There was a significant influence between the history of COVID-19 infection (P = 0.0006) and dose of vaccine (P = 0.0001) with SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in vaccinated individuals. Meanwhile, vitamin consumption and comorbid history did not affect SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Multivariate analysis showed that vaccine dose was the most influential variable on antibody levels (P = 0.046; Odds Ratio (OR) 0.19; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.036-0.968). CONCLUSIONS: The most influential factor was the vaccine dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in community in Gowa Regency.

Awareness and practices in preventing maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas in Makassar City, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, the body requires more complex nutritional intake. Therefore, problems with fulfilling nutrition during pregnancy occur often. One of the most common nutritional problems in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia, the most widespread micronutrient problem and the most difficult to overcome worldwide. This study aimed to determine awareness and prevention behavior associated with the incidence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in urban slum areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection used KoboToolbox, an Android-based tool. Iron status was examined by serum ferritin level assay using ELISA at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Hasanuddin University Hospital. RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnant women who experienced iron deficiency was 78%. The logistic regression analysis showed that poor awareness (AOR = 3.03, CI 95% 1.26-7.29, P = 0.013) and practices in taking iron enhancers (AOR = 2.85, CI 95% 1.18-6.92, P = 0.020) became the main factors associated with iron deficiency among pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Poor awareness and practices regarding consuming iron enhancers increased the risk of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas. Iron deficiency is a major health concern for pregnant women, especially those living in slum settlements, which must be addressed. A more optimal healthcare system for pregnant women may reduce the incidence of iron anemia in pregnancy by improving health promotion and optimizing healthcare services.

Development of measles-rubella surveillance health information system in the working area of health center tanjung selor, bulungan district.

The Tanjung Selor Health Center reported 2 laboratory-confirmed negative measles suspected cases that occurred in the Tanjung Selor Hilir urban village area, thus meeting the Discarded Rate target of 80% for North Kalimantan Province. This study aims to design and determine the effectiveness of measles-rubella surveillance applications based on increasing measles suspect case finding. This research used pre-experimental study design and system development with the prototype method. This study was conducted in the working area of the Tanjung Selor Health Center. Samples of research were teachers and children of kindergarten/early childhood, elementary/boarding schools, and private pediatrician health service facilities in the Tanjung Selor Hilir village. The name of the application is SICARE (Sistem Campak Rubella/Measles-Rubella Surveillance) and expected to facilitate monitoring reporting cases of measles rubella. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate t-tests on Stata and then interpreted in the form of tables and narratives. The results showed the frequency of reporting (P=0.010), the difference in case of reporting before and after treatment (P=0.160), the effectiveness of surveillance attributes in schools and private facilities after treatment (P=0.00), and the effectiveness of reporting on Health Center officers (P=0.22). Significant results from the development of the SICARE application are the frequency of reporting and the effectiveness of surveillance attributes in schools and private facilities. It is recommended for health center staff to further develop the application that has been built through optimal planning to improve early detection and rapid response in an active measles-rubella surveillance system.

Factors related to the incidence of unmet need in couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at determining factors associated with the incidence of unmet need for family planning among couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center, Sigi Regency. METHOD: This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The variables in this study included age, education, family planning history, husband's support and unmet need. Data were in the form of primary and secondary data. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis utilizing the Chi-Square test. Population in this study were 4715 couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center. By using Lemeshow's calculation technique and simple random sampling, a sample of 90 people was obtained. RESULT: The results demonstrated a relationship between age and the incidence of unmet need with p value=0.004 (p-value ≤0.05); education and the incidence of unmet deed with p value=0.005 (p-value ≤0.05); family planning history and the incidence of unmet need with p value=0.002 (p-value ≤0.05); as well as husband's support and the incidence of unmet need with p value=0.001 (p-value ≤0.05). CONCLUSION: This study concludes that there is a relationship between age, education, family planning history, and husband's support and the incidence of unmet need for family planning in the working area of Marawola Health Center, Sigi Regency. Therefore, health workers, local governments, and traditional institutions are expected to provide education about family planning to couples of reproductive age (husband and wife) as an attempt to reduce the number of unmet needs in the working area of Marawola Health Center.

Analysis of temperature and humidity on dengue hemorrhagic fever in Manado Municipality.

OBJECTIVE: The aim research was to analyze the association between temperature and humidity and the incidence of dengue fever in Manado Municipality. METHODS: The research design used analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. RESULT: The highest temperature was in August (28.7°C), the highest humidity was January (88%), and the most DHF incidence was in January (409 cases). There is a significant association between temperature and the prevalence of DHF (p=0.000, r=-0.845). Humidity with the prevalence of DHF (p=0.000, r=0.873). CONCLUSION: It was found that two variables had a significant association between temperature and humidity on the prevalence of DHF in Manado Municipality based on observations of patterns of temperature and humidity characteristics every month during 2019.

An overview of the implementation of the continuity of care model in maternal health services: A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the implementation of continuity of care model in maternal health services starting from pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. METHODS: Literature is obtained from online journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect, and other related sources, systematically from 2012 to 2019. RESULTS: Sixteen articles on the implementation of the continuity of care model of antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care were described by demographic characteristics, scope, and impact. Barriers and facilitators for three categories include process, communication, information and education, organization and human resources, caseload, burnout, psychological, expectation, and satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The continuity of care model is useful for developing sustainability settings in all maternal health services. The practical implication is the feasibility of a midwife-led continuity of care model to avoid service dropouts. The quality of service is determined by the psychological comfort of women. Further considerations, need to include collaboration in this model.

Prevent postpartum blues with the implementation of breastfeeding father education model to increase the frequency of breastfeeding in mothers: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To find out if the breastfeeding father education model can increase exclusive breastfeeding in mothers to prevent the occurrence of postpartum blues. METHODS: This study uses literature review design, articles collected using search engines such as PubMed, Elsevier, Scinapse, Plos One, and Google Scholar. We identified journals based on the PRISMA 2015 Guidelines with a total of n=5690 and obtained the number of journals reviewed n=33. RESULTS: The father's support is believed to have influenced the mother's decision to start and maintain breastfeeding. Father education is proven to increase breastfeeding with a value of p (0.001)<0.05. In addition, support from husbands is also classified as sufficient (54%) in lowering anxiety levels in mothers with spearman's test results p=0.48 or <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Providing an education model of breastfeeding father can increase the exclusive breastfeeding by the mother to prevent the occurrence of postpartum blues.

Leadership style based on the study of multifactor leadership questionnaire in Palu Anutapura hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Leadership style that can accommodate changes in uncertain times. The purpose of this study was to describe the leadership style of the head of the room in terms of the scale and construct of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. METHODS: This research was a descriptive type that was conducted at the Anutapura Hospital in August 2020. There were 22 treatment rooms and the researchers took all the heads of treatment rooms to be sampled. Collecting data using a Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). RESULTS: The results showed that 63.6% tend to use transformational leadership styles, 9.1% tend to use transactional leadership styles and 27.3% are based on the leader's outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The dominant transformational leadership style used by the head of the room because it is considered effective in facing the era of globalization and modernization.

Essential oil as a new tool for larvicidal Aedes aegypti: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to describe the effectiveness of essential oil plants for Aedes aegypti mosquito vector control. METHODS: This systematic review selection process following with 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideline. The source of the articles from databases international journal were Scopus, Pubmed, Scinapse and Google Scholar. RESULT: Natural control management with essential oil is the way of alternative for larvicidal mosquito control especially A. aegypti. The essential oil for many plants can use for larvicidal against A. aegypti as Piper batle L., Tinospora rhumpii, Azadiractha indica, Persea americana, Piper aduncum, Leucas aspera, Eucaliptus camaldulensis, Ottonia anisum, Salvia Plebeian, Lantana camara, and Syzygium aromaticum with 100% mortality larvae A. aegypti at 48h. CONCLUSIONS: The vector borne diseases must be used to integrate vector management control with essential oils plants.

Increasing midwifery capability on maternal health service.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the differences in midwives' knowledge, attitudes, motivation and abilities regarding maternal health care after an intervention. METHODS: This was an experimental research study with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample of this study was 66 midwives in Jeneponto Regency; 33 midwives comprised the control group, and 33 comprised the treatment groups. The sampling technique was purposive. This study was conducted at six primary health care in Jeneponto Regency. RESULTS: This study shows that there were differences between the midwives in the treatment and control groups in mean knowledge, motivation, attitude and ability regarding health care for pregnant women before and after health education (p<0.005); the increase in the service abilities of midwives after the Ammuntuli Bija intervention models indicates that the intervention is truly working. The components that showed significant changes (p<0.05) were knowledge (p=0.024), motivation (p=0.046) and ability (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The models and modules provided were capable of increasing the knowledge, motivation and ability of midwives in maternal health care. Comprehensive efforts, cross-sector support and supporting regulations are needed.

Community Health Risk Assessment of Total Suspended Particulates near a Cement Plant in Maros Regency, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Cement plants generate particulate matter (PM) across processes from raw material preparation to packaging. The presence of total suspended particulates (TSP) coming out of the stack causes a high accumulation of dust in residential areas. Human exposure to TSP could affect human health and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to evaluate concentrations of TSP and to estimate the health risks of TSP exposure through the inhalation pathway in communities surrounding a private cement industry in Maros regency, Indonesia. METHODS: Total suspended particulates were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) at five locations. Samples were taken by grab sampling for 24 hours. The SCREEN3 program was used to view the maximum range and distribution of pollutants based on the geographical, stack profiles and meteorological factors in the study area. Hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate non-carcinogenic risks of TSP in surrounding communities. RESULTS: Total suspended particulate concentrations were measured with a maximum value of 133.24 µg/m3 and a minimum value of 18.48 µg/m3. This maximum value exceeds the minimum acceptable level from Canadian National Ambient Air Quality Objectives (C-NAAQOs). The non-carcinogenic risks from the inhalation pathway were low except for location 3 (HQ>1) across all locations. CONCLUSIONS: The cement plant may significantly contribute to total TSP concentrations in air and may potentially have adverse effects on human health. Communities near the cement plant are vulnerable to TSP exposure and measures are needed to reduce TSP in Maros regency, Indonesia. PARTICIPANT CONSENT: Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL: This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Hasanuddin University with protocol number 28920093022. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Risk identification of heavy metals in well water surrounds watershed area of Pangkajene, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: This study wants to evaluate heavy metals pollution and ecological risk level of well water in Pangkajene watershed area. METHODS: The total concentration of Cd, Cr(VI), Pb and Ni were determined using AAS. We used heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), hazard quotient (HQ) used to estimate metals pollution and ecological risk level. Pearson correlation analysis is executed to evaluate the relationship between all measured parameters. RESULT: The concentration of Cd, Ni and Pb are below detection limit value. The mean concentration of Cr(VI) 0.0017±0.0006mgL-1. The mean of HPI and MI value are 3.06 and 0.06, respectively. The upstream area of Pangkajene has HQ value for Cr(VI) is higher than 1, it indicates that exposure of Cr(VI) may cause adverse effects to the ecological system and human health. CONCLUSION: The Cr(VI) is the main risk factor for well water contamination surrounds Pangkajene watershed area.

Qualitative analysis of financing HIV and AIDS program in Health Office of Jayawijaya District, Papua Province.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to see the financing of HIV and AIDS prevention programs in Jayawijaya District, Papua Province. METHOD: This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the source of HIV and AIDS prevention programs in the Jayawijaya Health Office comes from the Government (Special Autonomy Fund) and the State Budget (BOK Funds at Puskesmas) and assistance from international NGOs with a very large amount every year. CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that HIV and AIDS from the APBN and APBN data should be reviewed to improve with the decreasing number of donor agencies assisting in the Jayawijaya District. So that the HIV and AIDS program in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, is reliable, balanced with a comprehensive coping program strategy.

Risk identification of heavy metals in well water surrounds watershed area of Pangkajene, Indonesia

Objective: This study wants to evaluate heavy metals pollution and ecological risk level of well water in Pangkajene watershed area. Methods: The total concentration of Cd, Cr(VI), Pb and Ni were determined using AAS. We used heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), hazard quotient (HQ) used to estimate metals pollution and ecological risk level. Pearson correlation analysis is executed to evaluate the relationship between all measured parameters. Result: The concentration of Cd, Ni and Pb are below detection limit value. The mean concentration of Cr(VI) 0.0017 ± 0.0006 mg L−1. The mean of HPI and MI value are 3.06 and 0.06, respectively. The upstream area of Pangkajene has HQ value for Cr(VI) is higher than 1, it indicates that exposure of Cr(VI) may cause adverse effects to the ecological system and human health. Conclusion: The Cr(VI) is the main risk factor for well water contamination surrounds Pangkajene watershed area. (AU)

Qualitative analysis of financing HIV and AIDS program in Health Office of Jayawijaya District, Papua Province

Objective: The purpose of this study is to see the financing of HIV and AIDS prevention programs in Jayawijaya District, Papua Province. Method: This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Results: The results of this study indicate that the source of HIV and AIDS prevention programs in the Jayawijaya Health Office comes from the Government (Special Autonomy Fund) and the State Budget (BOK Funds at Puskesmas) and assistance from international NGOs with a very large amount every year. Conclusions: This study concludes that HIV and AIDS from the APBN and APBN data should be reviewed to improve with the decreasing number of donor agencies assisting in the Jayawijaya District. So that the HIV and AIDS program in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, is reliable, balanced with a comprehensive coping program strategy. (AU)

Factors related to the incidence of unmet need in couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center

Objective: This study aimed at determining factors associated with the incidence of unmet need for family planning among couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center, Sigi Regency. Method: This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The variables in this study included age, education, family planning history, husband's support and unmet need. Data were in the form of primary and secondary data. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis utilizing the Chi-Square test. Population in this study were 4715 couples of reproductive age in the working area of Marawola Health Center. By using Lemeshow's calculation technique and simple random sampling, a sample of 90 people was obtained. Result: The results demonstrated a relationship between age and the incidence of unmet need with p value = 0.004 (p-value ≤0.05); education and the incidence of unmet deed with p value = 0.005 (p-value ≤0.05); family planning history and the incidence of unmet need with p value = 0.002 (p-value ≤0.05); as well as husband's support and the incidence of unmet need with p value = 0.001 (p-value ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between age, education, family planning history, and husband's support and the incidence of unmet need for family planning in the working area of Marawola Health Center, Sigi Regency. Therefore, health workers, local governments, and traditional institutions are expected to provide education about family planning to couples of reproductive age (husband and wife) as an attempt to reduce the number of unmet needs in the working area of Marawola Health Center. (AU)

Analysis of temperature and humidity on dengue hemorrhagic fever in Manado Municipality

Objective: The aim research was to analyze the association between temperature and humidity and the incidence of dengue fever in Manado Municipality. Methods: The research design used analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Result: The highest temperature was in August (28.7 °C), the highest humidity was January (88%), and the most DHF incidence was in January (409 cases). There is a significant association between temperature and the prevalence of DHF (p = 0.000, r = −0.845). Humidity with the prevalence of DHF (p = 0.000, r = 0.873). Conclusion: It was found that two variables had a significant association between temperature and humidity on the prevalence of DHF in Manado Municipality based on observations of patterns of temperature and humidity characteristics every month during 2019. (AU)

An overview of the implementation of the continuity of care model in maternal health services: A literature review

Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of continuity of care model in maternal health services starting from pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. Methods: Literature is obtained from online journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect, and other related sources, systematically from 2012 to 2019. Results: Sixteen articles on the implementation of the continuity of care model of antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care were described by demographic characteristics, scope, and impact. Barriers and facilitators for three categories include process, communication, information and education, organization and human resources, caseload, burnout, psychological, expectation, and satisfaction. Conclusion: The continuity of care model is useful for developing sustainability settings in all maternal health services. The practical implication is the feasibility of a midwife-led continuity of care model to avoid service dropouts. The quality of service is determined by the psychological comfort of women. Further considerations, need to include collaboration in this model. (AU)

Prevent postpartum blues with the implementation of breastfeeding father education model to increase the frequency of breastfeeding in mothers: A systematic review

Objective: To find out if the breastfeeding father education model can increase exclusive breastfeeding in mothers to prevent the occurrence of postpartum blues. Methods: This study uses literature review design, articles collected using search engines such as PubMed, Elsevier, Scinapse, Plos One, and Google Scholar. We identified journals based on the PRISMA 2015 Guidelines with a total of n = 5690 and obtained the number of journals reviewed n = 33. Results: The father's support is believed to have influenced the mother's decision to start and maintain breastfeeding. Father education is proven to increase breastfeeding with a value of p (0.001) < 0.05. In addition, support from husbands is also classified as sufficient (54%) in lowering anxiety levels in mothers with spearman's test results p = 0.48 or <0.05. Conclusions: Providing an education model of breastfeeding father can increase the exclusive breastfeeding by the mother to prevent the occurrence of postpartum blues. (AU)